ARTICLES - HOT OFF THE FAGGOT

‘Mystery Babylon,’ the ‘Great Whore’ of Revelation is Revealed!

Amplify’d from 777denny.wordpress.com
For those of the Catholic faith (I grew up Catholic, went to Catholic school), this blog entry was NOT made as spite towards or hatred of Catholics, but rather to tell the truth and warn those who seek the truth to flee false doctrines to serve the Living Elohim.

The following is an excerpt from false [note: just because one is false on some teachings doesn't mean they are false on ALL teachings] teacher (teaches “once saved, always saved (OSAS)” and the false pretribulation ”rapture” of the Saints for doctrines) Dave Hunt’s book, “A Woman Rides the Beast”:


“Babylon is a code word for Rome. It is used that way six times in the last book of the Bible [four of the six are in chapters 17 and 18 and in extrabiblical works such as Sibylling Oracles (5, 159f.), the Apocalypse of Baruch (ii, 1), and 4 Esdras (3:1).Eusebius Pamphilius, writing about 303, noted that "it is said that Peter's first epistle... was composed at Rome itself; and that he himself indicates this, referring to the city figuratively as Babylon."

As far as "mystery" is concerned, "mysterium fide" is pronounced at the what they refer to as the transformation of the bread and wine into the literal body and blood of Christ, with Rome's new Catechism explaining that liturgy "aims to initiate souls into the mystery of Christ (called 'mystagogy')," and all of the Church's liturgy being a "mystery."


Now the "whore" which the holy scriptures is talking about is engaged in spiritual fornication, of which the Vatican has been doing for many centuries. The Vatican has claimed since it's beginnings and maintains to this day that she is the worldwide headquarters of Christianity, with her pope claiming to be the one, true and exclusive representative of Elohim, refered to as "the vicar of Christ." Rome has been the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church for fifteen centuries, with the popes having long claimed their dominion over the world and its Peoples.


And according to Dave Hunt's book, Pope Alexander VI (1492-1503) claimed that all undiscovered lands belonged to the pope, with King John II of Portugal convinced that the pope had granted all that Columbus discovered exclusively to him and his country, while Ferdinand and Isabel of Spain thinking the pope had given the same lands to them.


And turning to Hunt's book again, Pope Alexander VI drew a north-south line down the global map of that day and gave everything on the east to Portugal and everything on the west to Spain. Thus "out of the plenitude of apostolic power" Africa went to Portugal and the Americas went to Spain, with the condition "to the intent to bring the inhabitants ... to profess the Catholic Faith."


Thus Roman Catholicism was forced upon Central and South America  them by the sword and remain Catholic to this day, while North America (but not Quebec and Louisiana) was settled mostly by Protestants.


Keep in mind that the words "Vatican" and "Rome" are universally used interchangeably, with the Roman Catholic Church (RCC) exercising both religious and civil control over the entire city of Rome and its surroundings for a thousand years . Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) even abolished the Roman Senate, placing the administration of Rome directly under his command. And according to the 'Pocket Catholic Dictionary,' Rome is now the designation of "the whole ensemble of administrative and judicial offices through which the Pope directs the operations of the Catholic Church."


And turning to Hunt's book again, "The most definitive Catholic encyclopedia since Vatican II" declares:


"...hence, one understands the central place of Rome in the life of the Church today and the significance of the title, Roman Catholic Church, the Church that is universal, yet focused upon the ministry of the Bishop of Rome. Since the founding of the Church there by St. Peter, Rome has been the center of all Christendom."


According to the prophecy of the book of Revelation, the woman was dressed "in purple and scarlet color, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication" (Rev. 17:4). Purple and scarlet were the colors of the Roman Caesars, and are the colors of the Catholic clergy. The Catholic Encyclopedia states:


"A cloak with a long train and a hooded shoulder cape ... [it] was purple wool for bishops; for cardinals, it was scarlet watered silk (for Advent, Lent, Good Friday, and the conclave, purple wool); and rose watered silk for Gaudete and Lactate Sundays; and for the pope, it was red velvet for Christmas Matins, red serge at other times.”


Turning again to Revelation, the “golden cup in her hand” also identifies with the RCC, with The Catholic Encyclopedia declaring:


“[It is] the most important of the sacred vessels…. [It] may be of gold or silver, and if the latter, then the inside must be surfaced with gold.” The Roman Catholic Church possesses many thousands of solid gold chalices kept in its churches around the world. Even the bloodstained cross of Christ has been turned to gold and studded with gems in reflection of Rome’s great wealth. The Catholic Encyclopedia says: “The pectoral cross [suspended by a chain around the neck and worn over the breast by abbots, bishops, archbishops, cardinals, and the pope] should be made of gold and…decorated with gems…”


Remember that much of the wealth of the RCC was stolen from the victims of its Inquisitions (which we will cover later), with even the dead exhumed to face trial and their property taken from their heirs by the Church. One historian writes:


“The punishments of the Inquisition did not cease when the victim was burned to ashes, or immured for life in the Inquisition dungeons. His relatives were reduced to beggary by the law that all his possessions were forfeited. The system offered unlimited opportunities for loot….


This source of gain largely accounts for the revolting practice of what has been called ‘corpse-trials.’… That the practice of confiscating the property of condemned heretics was productive of many acts of extortion, rapacity and corruption will be doubted by no one who has any knowledge either of human nature or of the historical documents…. no man was safe whose wealth might arouse cupidity, or whose independence might provoke revenge.”


Also, billions of dollars have been paid to the RCC by individual thinking they were purchasing their place in heaven on the installment plan for themselves or loved ones, with Cardinal Cajetan complaining about the sale of dispensations and indulgences, and Church hierarchy accused him of wanting “to turn Rome into an uninhabited desert, to reduce the Papacy to impotence, to deprive the pope… of the pecuniary resources indispensable for the discharge of his office.”


And Nino Lo Bello, who was a correspondent in Rome for Business Week, wrote that the Vatican is so closely allied with the Mafia in Italy that “many people … believe that Sicily … is nothing more than a Vatican holding.”


Also, don’t forget the value of its many sculptures, paintings and other art treasures and ancient documents of the Vatican and inside its cathedrals around the world.


Now turning to Revelation again, the Great Whore was seen drunken with ”the blood of the saints, and with the blood of the martyrs of Yahusha…”


The Inquisitions (Roman, Medieval, and Spanish) were perpetrated upon the Peoples of Europe, with an estimated 3 million murdered and about 300,000 burned at the stake in Spain alone.


A Catholic historian commenting on the Spanish Inquisition wrote:


“When Napoleon conquered Spain in 1808, a Polish officer in his army, Colonel Lemanouski, reported that the Dominicans [in charge of the Inquisition] blockaded themselves in their monastery…the inquisitors denied the existence of any torture chambers. The soldiers searched the monastery and discovered them under the floors. The chambers were full of prisoners, all naked, many insane. The French troops, used to cruelty and blood, could not stomach the sight. They emptied the torture-chambers, laid gunpowder to the monastery and blew the place up.”


And Church historian Bishop William Shaw Kerr writes:


“The most ghastly abomination of all was the system of torture. The accounts of its cold-blooded operations make one shudder at the capacity of human beings for cruelty. And it was decreed and regulated by the popes who claim to represent Christ on earth…


Careful notes were taken not only of all that was confessed by the victim, but of his shrieks, cries, lamentations, broken interjections and appeals for mercy. The most moving things in the literature of the Inquisition are not the accounts of their sufferings left by the victims but the sober memoranda kept by the officers of the tribunals…there is no intention to shock us.”


Also, Emelio Martinez writes in a book published in 1909: “To these three million victims [documented by Llorente] should be added the thousands upon thousands of Jews and Moors deported from their homeland…In just one year, 1481, and just in Seville, the Holy Office [of the Inquisition] burned 2000 persons; the bones and effigies of another 2000…and another 16,000 were condemned to varying sentences.”


Even Peter de Rosa acknowledges that the RCC “was responsible for persecuting Jews, for the Inquisition, for slaughtering heretics by the thousand, for reintroducing torture into Europe as part of the judicial process.”


In 1096, Pope Urban II was the impetus of the first crusade to retake Jerusalem from the Muslims, with one of the Crudaders’ first acts upon taking Jerusalem “for Holy Mother Church” was to put the Jews into a synagogue and set it on fire.

In 1936, Bishop Berning of Osnabruch talked with Hitler for over an hour, with Hitler saying, “I am only doing what the church has done for fifteen hundred years, only more effectively.” Being a Catholic himself, Hitler told Berning that he “admired and wanted to promote Christianity.”


Turning to Revelation again, the woman “is that great city which reigneth over the kings of the earth.” The First Vatican Council in 1869 saw the Professor of Church History in Munich, J.H. Ignaz von Dollinger, warning that Pope Pius IX would force the Council to make decrees of “that pet theory of the Popes–that they could force kings and magistrates, by excommunication and its consequences, to carry out their sentences of confiscation, imprisonment, and death….”


J.H. Ignaz von Dollinger writes:


“When, for instance, [Pope] Martin IV placed King Pedro of Aragon under excommunication and interdict…then promised indulgences for all their sins to these who fought with him and [tyrant] Charles [I of Naples) against Pedro, and finally declared his kingdom forfeit...which cost the two kings of France and Aragon their life, and the French the loss of an army...Pope Clement IV, in 1265, after selling millions of South Italians to Charles of Anjou for a yearly tribute of eight hundred ounces of gold, declared that he would be excommunicated if the first payment was deferred beyond the appointed term, and that for the second neglect the whole nation would incur interdict..."


Public Eccliastical says this: “The church may by divine right confiscate the property of heretics, imprison their person, and condemn them to flames. In our age, the right to inflict the severest penalties, even death, belongs to the church. There is no graver offense than heresy, therefore it must be rooted out.”


Rector of the Catholic Institute of Paris, H.M.A. Baudrillart is quoted as saying, “When confronted with heresy, she (Catholic Church) does not content herself with persuasion, arguments of an intellectual and moral order appear to her insufficient, and she has recourse to force, to corporal punishment, to torture.”


Quoting from the 'Directory for the Inquisitors,' “A heretic merits the pains of fire....By the Gospel, the canons, civil law, and custom, heretics must be burned.”


And don't forget that the Vatican is the only city which exchanges ambassadors with nations, doing so with every major country on the planet.


It is said that there were 95 popes who claimed to have divine power to depose kings and emperors, with historian Walter James writing that Pope Innocent III (1198-1216) "held all Europe in his net," and Gregory IX (1227-41) proclaiming that the pope was lord and master of everyone and everything. Historian R.W. Southern declared:


"During the whole medieval period there was in Rome a single spiritual and temporal authority [the papacy] exercising powers which in the end exceeded those that had ever lain within the grasp of a Roman emperor.”


And Pope Nicholas I (858-67) declared: “We [popes] alone have the power to bind and to loose, to absolve Nero and to condemn him; and Christians cannot, under penalty of excommunication, execute other judgment than ours, which alone is infallible.”


Nicholas wrote: “We order you, in the name of religion, to invade his states, burn his cities, and massacre his people…”


Rev. 7:15 states: “And he saith unto me, The waters which you sawest, where the whore sitteth, are peoples, and multitudes, and nations, and tongues.”


It is important to note that when Revelation is talking about ‘Mystery Babylon,’ it is talking about a church, with Revelation speaking of the true body of Christ dressed in white, while the ‘Great Whore’ sits on a beast. In the Old Testament, Israel was referred to as a “Harlot” and a “Whore” when she worshipped other gods and committed spiritual adultery.


Jeremiah 3:1-25 “…If a man put away his wife, and she go from him, and become another man’s, shall he return unto her again? …but you have played the HARLOT with many lovers; yet return again to me, saith the LORD. 2 …you have polluted the land with your WHOREDOMS and with your wickedness. 3 …you hadst a WHORE’S FOREHEAD, you refusedst to be ashamed… 6 The LORD said also unto me… Have you seen that which backsliding Israel has done? she is gone up upon every high mountain and under every green tree, and there has played the HARLOT… 8 And I saw, when for all the causes whereby backsliding Israel committed ADULTERY I had put her away, and given her a bill of divorce; yet her treacherous sister Judah feared not, but went and played the HARLOT also… 20 Surely as a wife treacherously departeth from her husband, so have you dealt treacherously with me, O house of Israel, saith the LORD.”


Ezekiel 16:26-32 “You have also committed FORNICATION with the Egyptians your neighbours, great of flesh; and have increased your WHOREDOMS, to provoke me to anger… 28 You have played the WHORE also with the Assyrians, because you were unsatiable; yes, you have played the HARLOT with them, and yet couldest not be satisfied. 30 How weak is thine heart, saith the Lord God, seeing you doest all these things, the work of an imperious WHORISH WOMAN; 31 In that you buildest thine eminent place in the head of every way, and makest thine high place in every street; and have not been as an HARLOT, in that you scornest hire; 32 But as a wife that committeth ADULTERY, which taketh strangers instead of her husband!”

Now turning to Revelation we read about the false church: Rev. 17:1-3 “…Come hither; I will show unto you the judgment of the great WHORE that sitteth upon many waters: 2 With whom the kings of the earth have committed FORNICATION, and the inhabitants of the earth have been made drunk with the wine of her FORNICATION. 3 …I saw a WOMAN sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy… 5 And upon her forehead was a name written, MYSTERY, BABYLON the great, the MOTHER OF HARLOTS and abominations of the earth.”


Then we read about the true church: Rev. 12:14 “And to the WOMAN were given two wings of a great eagle, that she might fly into the wilderness, into her place, where she is nourished for a time, and times, and half a time, from the face of the serpent.”


Christ’s true Church is described in Rev. as a “great wonder in heaven; a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars,” while the false church is described as the “great whore” which is ”arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full of abominations and filthiness of her fornication.”


Now how about the phrase, ‘Mystery Babylon is the Mother of Harlots?’ Pope Benedict referred to the Catholic Church as being the “MOTHER” Church, calling for all the daughter Churches to come back to HER. This is because the ‘Protestant’ churches came from the Catholic church, with these churches persecuting the true church whom they derided as ‘Anabaptists.’


Doctor Alexander Hislop wrote: “To conciliate the Pagans to nominal Christianity, Rome, pursuing its usual policy, took measures to get the Christian and Pagan festivals [that’s the Sabbath and Sunday] amalgamated, and…to get Paganism and Christianity now far sunk in idolatry in this as in so many other things, to shake hands.” And “A glance at the main pillars of the Papal system will sufficiently prove that its doctrine and discipline in all essential respects have been derived from BABYLON.”


The Story of Catholicism says: “It has often been charged… that Catholicism is overlaid with many pagan incrustations. Catholicism is ready to accept that accusation and even to make it her boast… the great god Pan is not really dead, he is baptized.”


John Henry wrote: “The use of temples, and these dedicated to particular saints, and ornamented on occasions with branches of trees; incense, lamps, and candles; votive offerings on recovery from illness; holy water; asylums; holydays and seasons, use of calendars, processions, blessings on the fields; sacerdotal vestments, the tonsure, the ring in marriage, turning to the East, images at a later date, perhaps the ecclesiastical chant, and the Kyrie Eleison are all of pagan origin, and sanctified by their adoption into the Church.”

Lewis Brown wrote: “One cannot well refer to those cults of Babylon and Egypt and the rest as DEAD religions. For the echo of their ancient thunder is still to be heard reverberating in almost every form of faith existing today. Ancient Babylonian image worship is in the church today. Ancient Babylonian sun worship is there…”
And finally historian Arthur P. Stanley wrote: “His coins bore on the one side the letters of the name of Christ; on the other, the figure of the SUN GOD, as if he could not bear to relinquish the patronage of the bright luminary.”

Did you know that the statue of St Peter in St Peters Cathedral was originally the statue of the pagan god Jupiter, which had its foot kissed away and replaced several times because of the multitudes that bowed down to it and kissed its foot?


Now how about the phrase, “a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy?”

In Luke we read, “And the scribes and the Pharisees began to reason, saying, Who is this which speaketh blasphemies? Who can forgive sins, but God alone?” But the RCC says that their Priest can forgive sins.


In the Catholic National, July 1895, we find this: “The Pope is not only the representative of Jesus Christ, but he is Jesus Christ, Himself, hidden under the veil of human flesh.”


Pope Pius V is said to have uttered this: “The Pope and God are the same, so he has all power in Heaven and earth.”


Decretal, de Tranlatic Episcop: “The pope has power to change times, abrogate laws, and dispense with all things, even the precepts of Christ.”


Pope Leo XIII wrote, “We hold upon this earth the place of God almighty.”


Speaking of the Papacy, John Wesley wrote, “He is in an emphatical sense, the Man of Sin, as he increases all manner of sin above measure. And he is, too, properly styled the Son of Perdition, as he has caused the death of numberless multitudes, both of his opposers and followers… He it is…that exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped…claiming the highest power, and highest honour…claiming the prerogatives which belong to God alone.”


Roger Williams spoke of the Pope as “the pretended Vicar of Christ on earth, who sits as God over the Temple of God, exalting himself not only above all that is called God, but over the souls and consciences of all his vassals, yea over the Spirit of Christ, over the Holy Spirit, yea, and God himself…speaking against the God of heaven, thinking to change times and laws…”


St. Catherine of Siena: “Even if the Pope were Satan incarnate, we ought not to raise up our heads against him, but calmly lie down to rest on his bosom. He who rebels against our Father is condemned to death, for that which we do to him we do to Christ: we honor Christ if we honor the Pope; we dishonor Christ if we dishonor the Pope. I know very well that many defend themselves by boasting: ‘They are so corrupt, and work all manner of evil!’ But God has commanded that, even if the priests, the pastors, and Christ-on-earth were incarnate devils, we be obedient and subject to them, not for their sakes, but for the sake of God, and out of obedience to Him.”


Lucius Ferraris: “The Pope is of great authority and power, that he is able to modify, declare, or interpret even divine laws. The Pope can modify divine law, since his power is not of man, but of God, and he acts as vicegerent of God upon earth…”


Decretales Domini Gregori ix: “We may according to the fullness of our power, dispose of the law and dispense above the law. Those whom the Pope of Rome doth separate, it is not a man that separates them but God. For the Pope holdeth place on earth, not simply of a man but of the true God….dissolves, not by human but rather by divine authority….I am in all and above all, so that God Himself and I, the vicar of God, hath both one consistory, and I am able to do almost all that God can do…Wherefore, no marvel, if it be in my power to dispense with all things, yea with the precepts of Christ.”


Roman Catholic Confessions for Protestants Oath: “We confess that the Pope has power of changing Scripture and of adding to it, and taking from it, according to his will.”


Alphonsus De Liguori: “And God himself is obliged to abide by the judgment of his priest and either not to pardon or to pardon, according as they refuse to give absolution, provided the penitent is capable of it.”


The following is the timeline of Roman Catholicism beliefs:



  1. Prayers for the dead – 300 AD

  2. Making the sign of the cross – 300 AD

  3. Veneration of angels & dead saints – 375 A.D.

  4. Use of images in worship – 375 A D.

  5. The Mass as a daily celebration – 394 AD

  6. Beginning of the exaltation of Mary; the term, “Mother of God” applied at Council of Ephesus – 431 AD.

  7. Extreme Unction (Last Rites) – 526 AD

  8. Doctrine of Purgatory (Gregory I) – 593 AD

  9. Prayers to Mary & dead saints – 600 AD

  10. Worship of cross, images & relics – 786 AD

  11. Canonization of dead saints – 995 AD

  12. Celibacy of priesthood – 1079 AD

  13. The Rosary – 1090 AD

  14. Indulgences – 1190 AD

  15. Transubstantiation (Innocent III) – 1215 AD

  16. Auricular Confession of sins to a priest – 1215 AD

  17. Adoration of the wafer (Host) – 1220 AD

  18. Cup forbidden to the people at communion – 1414 AD

  19. Purgatory proclaimed as a dogma – 1439 AD

  20. The doctrine of the Seven Sacraments confirmed – 1439 AD

  21. Tradition declared of equal authority with Bible by Council of Trent – 1545 AD


And finally, “And I heard another voice from heaven, saying, Come out of her, my people, that ye be not partakers of her sins, and that ye receive not of her plagues. For her sins have reached unto heaven, and Elohim hath remembered her iniquities. Reward her even as she rewarded you, and double unto her double according to her works: in the cup which she hath filled fill to her double. How much she hath glorified herself, and lived deliciously, so much torment and sorrow give her: for she saith in her heart, I sit a queen, and am no widow, and shall see no sorrow. Therefore shall her plagues come in one day, death, and mourning, and famine; and she shall be utterly burned with fire: for strong is Adonai Elohim who judgeth her. And the kings of the earth, who have committed fornication and lived deliciously with her, shall bewail her, and lament for her, when they shall see the smoke of her burning, Standing afar off for the fear of her torment, saying, Alas, alas, that great city Babylon, that mighty city! for in one hour is thy judgment come.” – Revelation 18:4-10

Read more at 777denny.wordpress.com
 

The Seventh Day Complete Set - (5 DVDs)

Amplify’d from superstore.wnd.com

The Seventh Day Complete Set - (5 DVDs)

DV235.jpg


$90.00

Discount Price: $71.99
































 


Product Description


Award-winning actor Hal Holbrook hosts this television documentary that traces the history of the Sabbath through the ages and around the world. This thoroughly documented series features interviews with over 50 experts, classical art, animations, and dramatic reenactments.

NOTE: Purchasing "The Seventh Day Complete Set" from WND's online store also qualifies you to receive three FREE issues of WND's acclaimed monthly print magazine, Whistleblower. Watch for the FREE offer during checkout.







Product Reviews


Score: 5

Submit Your Review


Name: Joseph Farah
Review Date: 1/24/2011 3:32 am
Rating: 5

The Seventh Day
This 5-part documentary is extremely well-done and very informative -- even for someone steeped in study of the subject.
Read more at superstore.wnd.com
 

The Seventh Day Complete Set - (5 DVDs)

Amplify’d from superstore.wnd.com

The Seventh Day Complete Set - (5 DVDs)

DV235.jpg


$90.00

Discount Price: $71.99
































 


Product Description


Award-winning actor Hal Holbrook hosts this television documentary that traces the history of the Sabbath through the ages and around the world. This thoroughly documented series features interviews with over 50 experts, classical art, animations, and dramatic reenactments.

NOTE: Purchasing "The Seventh Day Complete Set" from WND's online store also qualifies you to receive three FREE issues of WND's acclaimed monthly print magazine, Whistleblower. Watch for the FREE offer during checkout.







Product Reviews


Score: 5

Submit Your Review


Name: Joseph Farah
Review Date: 1/24/2011 3:32 am
Rating: 5

The Seventh Day
This 5-part documentary is extremely well-done and very informative -- even for someone steeped in study of the subject.
Read more at superstore.wnd.com
 

SABBATH VS. SUNDAY: THE REST OF THE STORY | 'Deception': Christians war over worship day

Amplify’d from www.wnd.com
SABBATH VS. SUNDAY: THE REST OF THE STORY

'Deception': Christians war over worship day

Centuries-old clash continues over disputed commandment

By Joe Kovacs




© 2011 WorldNetDaily




















This sign at the Mesa Avenue Church of Christ in Grand Junction, Colo., is typical of churches announcing their worship services on Sunday.


Two thousand years after Jesus walked the Earth, Christians are at war with each other concerning – as strange as it may sound – a day of the week mentioned in the Ten Commandments.


The issue boils down to: "When is God's Sabbath?" In other words, what is His holy day of rest?


Most Christians today think it's Sunday, when the majority of churches hold services.


But others confidently say it's Saturday, calling Sunday worship "the most flagrant error of mainstream Christianity," believing Sunday-keepers are victims of clever deception.


Some high-profile evangelical pastors such as California's Greg Laurie say it's simply "wrong to set Saturday apart as a special day for
worship."

Whether
it's the Sabbath or what the Bible says is the true, glorious destiny
for mankind, find out what some don't want you to know in the No. 1 best-seller, "Shocked by
the Bible: The Most Astonishing Facts You've Never Been Told" --
autographed only at WND!


Today, some high-school sports teams refuse to play in state tournaments for the sole reason the events are held on Saturday – what they say is God's Sabbath.










Scottish sprinter Eric Liddell


Conversely, the 1981 film "Chariots of Fire" was based on the true story of Eric Liddell, a Scottish sprinter and Christian missionary who disqualified himself from his best event at the 1924 Olympics because the race was on Sunday – the Sabbath in his view.


Christians seem irreparably split, as this issue goes back to the beginning of time itself.


In the beginning ...


There are seven days in a week, but historians have no consensus about the cycle's origin, since it has no basis in astronomy.


The Bible, though, indicates God created the Earth and its life forms in six days, and then rested on the seventh.


"And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it." (Genesis 2:2-3)


Biblically speaking, the first six days of the week had no special name. They were simply identified by ordinal numbers, such as the first, second and third day. But the seventh day was given a unique name. In Hebrew, it's "shabbat," meaning "rest." In English, the word is "Sabbath," and it's detailed in the Fourth Commandment.


"Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work: But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work ... . For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day." (Exodus 20:8-11)


In many languages, the word used for the seventh day of the week – what we call Saturday – is actually the same word used for "Sabbath." In Greek, it is sabbaton; Italian, sabato; Spanish, sábado; Russian, subbota; Polish, sobota; and Hungarian, szómbat. Even the French "samedi" is from the Latin "Sambata dies," for "day of the Sabbath."


Names of days in today's English come from ancient paganism, where they were originally associated with celestial objects and heathen gods.










Table traces the seven days of the week from their pagan Latin origin through the names of Norse gods to their current names in English


In the King James Version of the Bible, the word "Sabbath" appears 137 times. The word "Sunday" is absent, though its equivalent, the first day of the week, occurs eight times – nine if the "first day" of creation is counted.


Some examples of the use of Sabbath include:



  • "Six days may work be done; but in the seventh is the sabbath of rest, holy to the LORD: whosoever doeth any work in the sabbath day, he shall surely be put to death. Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant." (Exodus 31:15-16)

  • "But pray ye that your flight be not in winter, neither on the sabbath day." (Matthew 24:20)

  • "Therefore the Son of man is Lord also of the sabbath." (Mark 2:28)


Most biblical scholars have little disagreement when asked what day the Bible specifically calls the Sabbath.










Prof. Richard Bauckham


"The seventh day, Saturday," says Richard Bauckham, professor of New Testament at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. "No other day is called the Sabbath in Old or New Testaments."


In 2001, Jan Marcussen, a Seventh-Day Adventist from Thompsonville, Ill., was so sure there was no Bible verse declaring the first day to be the Sabbath, he offered up to $1 million for clear, Scriptural proof.


"I didn't get even one response claiming the $1 million from any theologian, bishop, cardinal, pope or anyone else," Marcussen, author of "National Sunday Law," told WND. "Why not? Because they can't. [Observing Sunday as the Sabbath] is the biggest hoax the world has ever seen."


But while the Bible never calls the first day of the week a Sabbath, the vast majority of Christians today gather for worship then. Many think Sabbath-keeping was either abolished or moved to Sunday once Jesus rose from the grave.


"There's not a simple answer," said Dr. Roger Felipe, a Baptist preacher from Marco Island, Fla., who is also director of programs for Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, part of Trinity International University. "From [today's] Christian point of view, the Sabbath is Sunday."


There is little, if any, argument Jesus and His fellow Jews observed the Sabbath on the seventh day of the week, as the Bible states, "as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and stood up to read." (Luke 4:16)


But it's what took place after His death and resurrection that's key.


The rising of the Son


One reason many Christians provide for gathering on Sunday is the belief Jesus rose from the dead on the first day of the week.


"It's a powerful symbol," says Felipe.










An angel informs women that Jesus is not in the tomb, but has already risen.


His sentiments echo a 1998 writing by Pope John Paul II in which the pontiff referred to the origins of Sunday-keeping.


"In the weekly reckoning of time, Sunday recalls the day of Christ's Resurrection," the pope stated.


But the idea Jesus rose from the dead on a Sunday is not universal.


The Bible is actually silent on the precise moment of resurrection. Jesus' followers came to His tomb before dawn on the first day of the week (Sunday), but they did not witness Him coming back to life. They merely found an empty tomb.


A tomb with a view


 "Why seek ye the living among the dead? He is not here, but is risen," is what an angel told the women. (Luke 24:5-6)










John Pinkston, Congregation of God Seventh Day


"Christ was already gone!" exclaims John Pinkston, a retired Air Force navigator who is founder and president of the Congregation of God Seventh Day in Kennesaw, Ga. "So that shoots in the foot the belief that He was raised on Sunday."


Pinkston is typical of many Sabbath-keepers, believing Jesus was neither killed on a Friday, nor raised on Sunday. He believes Jesus was actually put to death on a Wednesday, and remained in the grave 72 hours until Saturday evening. When the women came to the tomb early Sunday, they found it empty, indicating Jesus arose prior to their arrival.


Even the late Rev. Jerry Falwell, a Sunday-keeper and chancellor of Liberty University in Lynchburg, Va., agreed with that timetable, telling WND in 2001, "I personally believe He was crucified on Wednesday evening ... and rose after 6 p.m. Saturday evening."


Most Christians today think Jesus died on a Friday and rose on Sunday. They point to Scriptures indicating a Sabbath day followed Jesus' execution. But Sabbath-keepers claim it was not the weekly Sabbath of Saturday approaching. Rather, they say it was an annual Sabbath, a "high" holy day in the Hebrew calendar known as the Feast of Unleavened Bread, which supposedly occurred on a Thursday the week Jesus was killed. The Gospel of John mentions that Sabbath was the annual type.


"The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high day,) ... ." (John 19:31)


In other words, Sabbatarians say there was more than one day of rest that week. Their timeline has Jesus slain on Wednesday – the day before the "high day" annual Sabbath on Thursday. They believe Jesus was in the grave for a full three days and three nights, finally arising Saturday evening, the second Sabbath of the week.


The mention of "three days and three nights" is important for many, as Jesus used that phrase to prove His divine identity:


"For as Jonah was in the belly of the great fish for three days and three nights, so I, the Son of Man, will be in the heart of the earth for three days and three nights." (Matthew 12:40, New Living Translation)


There's disagreement if that phrase means a full three days and three nights – 72 hours – or merely parts of three days and three nights, leading many to stick with the Friday-evening-to-Sunday-morning timeline.


The last shall be first?


Beyond the resurrection issue, there are several Bible references to "the first day of the week," none of which are clear on the Sabbath issue.










Prof. Margaret M. Mitchell


"The New Testament evidence is not conclusive, and nowhere 'ordains' or instructs [Sunday-keeping]," said Margaret M. Mitchell, professor of New Testament and Early Christian Literature at the University of Chicago Divinity School.


Mitchell says the "evidence is, historically speaking, tantalizing but not absolutely clear."


She notes the apostle Paul, for instance, in 1 Corinthians 16:2, "calls on the Corinthians to treasure up on the first day of the week."


"He does not explicitly say there whether the envisioned context is a gathering of the assembly, or if this refers to what people do in their own homes," Mitchell said.


Another mention of the first day is in Acts 20:7, as Paul is shown breaking bread with fellow believers in ancient Troas, a peninsula in modern-day Turkey: "And upon the first day of the week, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul preached unto them ... ."


Mitchell told WND: "This text appears to show a particular Sunday eucharistic gathering, but it does not tell us if this replaced the Sabbath observance or stood alongside it, [i.e., people observed both]."


Interestingly, while most Bible versions use the phrase "first day of the week" in Acts 20:7, a 1990 word-for-word translation of the same Scripture by Greek experts Robert K. Brown and Philip W. Comfort in the New Greek English Interlinear New Testament from Tyndale House Publishers, actually renders it as "one of the Sabbaths."


Their version reads: "And on one of the Sabbaths having been assembled us to break bread, Paul was lecturing them ... ."


If the Tyndale translation is accurate, it could heighten the Saturday-vs.-Sunday controversy, since this alleged evidence for Sunday worship may not have been a Sunday at all, but the usual Saturday Sabbath.


'The Lord's Day' – or is that 'Day of the Lord'?


And then there's something called "the Lord's Day." Though mentioned just once in the Bible, many today assume it means Sunday.


The Scripture, written by the apostle John on the Greek island of Patmos, says, "I was in the Spirit on the Lord's day, and heard behind me a great voice, as of a trumpet." (Revelation 1:10)










Depiction of John on Patmos by Pat Marvenko Smith, (c) 1992. Used with permission. Revelation Illustrated


Some Sabbatarians like Pinkston believe the term has no connection to the first day of the week.


"It's not talking anything about Sunday," he said. "It's talking about the 'Day of the Lord' mentioned in the Old Testament. It's prophecy about when Christ comes back. The Book of Revelation reveals the events of the 'Day of the Lord.' It has nothing to do with a worship day."


Others think it is indeed a worship day, but not Sunday. They suggest "the Lord's Day" is actually a Saturday Sabbath, noting Jesus called himself "Lord of the Sabbath" (Mark 2:28) and that God referred to the Sabbath as "my holy day." (Isaiah 58:13)


Thus, according to this reasoning, if any day of the week were really "the Lord's Day," it's the seventh-day Sabbath, not Sunday.


However, Prof. Bauckham in Scotland believes there's good evidence from early Christian sources the phrase does indeed refer to Sunday.


"John probably means that his visionary experience happened during the time when other Christians were gathered for worship," he said.


"The other interpretation [equating it with the 'Day of the Lord'] doesn't really make sense because the earlier parts of the vision are not placed temporally at the end of history. That is only approached over several chapters [into Revelation]."


The Encyclopedia Britannica equates Sunday with "the Lord's Day" in Christianity, stating, "The practice of Christians gathering together for worship on Sunday dates back to apostolic times, but details of the actual development of the custom are not clear."


The New Testament, penned within the first century, never specifically mentions a Sabbath change.


"From a logical point of view," says Pinkston, "if the New Testament had intended for us to start worshipping on the first day of the week, then we'd find ample evidence for it. Yet, it's not in there."


One example Sabbatarians point to is when Paul is shown preaching to both Jews and Gentiles (non-Hebrews) on a Sabbath, and not Sunday. He's then asked to preach again on the following Sabbath.


"And when the Jews were gone out of the synagogue, the Gentiles besought that these words might be preached to them the next sabbath. ... And the next sabbath day came almost the whole city together to hear the word of God." (Acts 13:42-44)


The argument is, if there were some kind of worship on the first day of the week, then Paul would have just told the people – especially those with no connection to Jewish customs – to simply come back tomorrow (Sunday) to learn more, rather than wait an entire week for the next Sabbath to arrive.


Man of the Sabbath


A well-known expert on the Sabbath is Dr. Samuele Bacchiocchi, a retired theology professor at Andrews University in Michigan.










Dr. Samuele Bacchiocchi


Bacchiocchi earned his doctorate in Church History at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome and was awarded a gold medal by Pope Paul VI for his summa cum laude class work and dissertation, "From Sabbath to Sunday: A Historical Investigation of the Rise of Sunday Observance in Early Christianity."


Bacchiocchi, a Seventh-Day Adventist, believes there's no Scriptural mandate to change or eliminate Sabbath-keeping, and he singles out the Catholic Church for its role in changing the day.


"The Church of the capital of the empire, whose authority was already felt far
and wide in the second century, appears to be the most likely birthplace of
Sunday observance," he writes.


In the 1876 book, "The Faith of Our Fathers," James Cardinal
Gibbons, the Catholic archbishop of Baltimore, agreed the shift to Sunday was not based on the Bible, but was solely the
work of the Catholic Church.


"You may read the Bible from Genesis to Revelation, and you will not
find a single line authorizing the sanctification of Sunday. The
Scriptures enforce the religious observance of Saturday, a day which we
never sanctify," Gibbons wrote.


Bacchiocchi also told WND: "Anti-Judaism caused the abandonment of the Sabbath, and pagan sun worship influenced the adoption of Sunday."


He says evidence of anti-Judaism is found in the writings of Christian leaders such as Ignatius, Barnabas and Justin in the second century. He notes these three "witnessed and participated in the process of separation from Judaism which led the majority of the Christians to abandon the Sabbath and adopt Sunday as the new day of worship."


Bacchiocchi also explains the influence of pagan sun worship provides a "plausible explanation for the Christian choice of Sunday" over the day of Saturn. Its effect wasn't just limited to Sunday. It apparently led to the placement of Jesus' birth in late December.


"The adoption of the 25th of December for the celebration of Christmas is perhaps the most explicit example of sun worship's influence on the Christian liturgical calendar," Bacchiocchi writes. "It is a known fact that the pagan feast of the Dies Natalis Solis Invicti – the birthday of the Invincible Sun, was held on that date."


Christian fact, pagan Mithra


One of the Roman names for this "Invincible Sun" god in the days of the apostles was Mithra. There are striking similarities between the ancient worship of Mithra and today's Christianity, leading some to think early Christians adopted Sunday worship from heathen customs.










The pagan sun god Mithra, also known as 'the Invincible Sun'


For instance, Mithraism's sacred day of Sunday was said to be called "the Lord's Day."


Donald Morse, a retired professor at Temple University, wrote a 1999 essay comparing the tenets of Mithraism to modern Christianity, explaining Mithra was worshipped on Sunday; was born of a virgin known as the "mother of God" on Dec. 25; was part of a holy trinity; and had a "Last Supper" with his 12 followers before his death and resurrection at Easter time near the spring equinox.


Mithraists were also taught they had immortal souls that went to a celestial heaven or an infernal hell at death.


"All of these religions intermingled in those days," Morse, who is Jewish, told WND. "There's no way to know who stole from whom."


On the change from Sabbath to Sunday, Morse suggested early Christian leaders including Paul felt "the best way to convert pagans was to not have them change too much. Just accept their [pagan] holidays, as long as they accepted Jesus as Messiah. They didn't really have to do much more than that."


There's no place like Rome


As Christianity spread through the pagan Roman Empire, it was finally given official toleration in the year 312 by Emperor Constantine, who purportedly had a vision that prompted his soldiers to fight under a "symbol of Christ," leading to a key military victory. The emperor then restored confiscated church property and even offered public funds to churches in need.










Roman Emperor Constantine sees a symbol of Christ in the sky before the battle at Milvian Bridge outside Rome in A.D. 312


Sunday observance received a historic boost when Constantine – himself a pagan who is said to have adopted Christianity at least nominally – established Sunday as the first day of the week in the Roman calendar and issued a mandatory order prohibiting work on that day, in honor of the sun god.


On March 7, 321, he decreed, "On the venerable Day of the Sun, let the magistrates and people residing in cities rest, and let all workshops be closed." Farmers were given an exception.


"The importance of the actions of Constantine cannot be overstated," says author Richard Rives in "Too Long in the Sun." "During his reign, pagan sun worship was blended with the worship of the Creator, and officially entitled 'Christianity.'"


Before the end of the 4th century, Sunday observance prevailed over Saturday.


At the Council of Laodicea in 363, the Church of  Rome – today known as the Roman Catholic Church – declared: "Christians must not judaize by resting on the Sabbath, but must work on that day, rather honoring the Lord's Day [Sunday]; and, if they can, resting then as Christians. But if any shall be found to be judaizers, let them be anathema from Christ."


In 380, Emperor Theodosius made Sunday-keeping Catholic Christianity the official religion of the empire, outlawing all other faiths:


We authorize the followers of this law to assume the title Catholic Christians; but as for the others, since in our judgment they are foolish madmen, we decree that the shall be branded with the ignominious name of heretics.

While some went along with the decrees, others apparently did not. A letter from Ambrose, the bishop of Milan, reveals differences in Sabbath practices in his own city from those in Rome. It led to the well-known proverb, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do."


Once Sunday had the imperial power of the Roman Catholic government behind it, Saturday Sabbath-keepers became less visible, though some Sabbatarian websites have documented mentions of seventh-day observers through the centuries.


For example, the Catholic Church persecuted Sabbath-keepers in the 15th century. At the Catholic Provincial Council of Bergen, Norway, in 1435, it was said:


We are informed that some people in different districts of the kingdom, have adopted and observed Saturday-keeping.

It is severely forbidden – in holy church canon – [for] one and all to observe days excepting those which the holy pope, archbishop, or the bishops command. Saturday-keeping must under no circumstances be permitted hereafter further that the church canon commands. Therefore we counsel all the friends of God throughout all Norway who want to be obedient towards the holy church to let this evil of Saturday-keeping alone; and the rest we forbid under penalty of severe church punishment to keep Saturday holy.



The Catholic Encyclopedia even refers to Sabbath-keeping as "the superstitious observance of Saturday," noting it was forbidden by that council.


Coming to America


As Christianity headed west, the earliest settlers to America included both Sunday-keepers – such as the Puritans who landed at Plymouth, Mass., in 1620 – and Sabbath-observers like the Seventh Day Baptists, whose first church was founded in Newport, R.I., in 1671.


When the Puritan Christians used the word Sabbath, they would mean Sunday – "the Lord's Day" – and passed rules enforcing its observance from sunset Saturday to sunset Sunday.


Connecticut's so-called Blue Laws of the 1650s had strict codes of conduct said to include:



  • No one shall run on the Sabbath day, or walk in his garden or elsewhere, except reverently to and from meeting.

  • No one shall travel, cook victuals, make beds, sweep house, cut hair, or shave, on the Sabbath day.

  • No one shall read Common-Prayer, keep Christmas or saints-days, make minced pies, dance, play cards, or play on any instrument of music, except the drum, trumpet, and the Jews-harp.

  • Adultery shall be punished by death.










Instructions for colonists in New Haven, Conn., drafted in 1655 and published in London in 1656 became known as blue laws.


In her 1909 book, "The Sabbath in Puritan New England," historian Alice Morse Earle documented "lists of arrests and fines for walking and travelling unnecessarily on the Sabbath," regarded here from Saturday evening to Sunday evening:


A Maine man who was rebuked and fined for "unseemly walking" on the Lord's Day protested that he ran to save a man from drowning. The Court made him pay his fine, but ordered that the money should be returned to him when he could prove by witnesses that he had been on that errand of mercy and duty. As late as the year 1831, in Lebanon, Conn., a lady journeying to her father's home was arrested within sight of her father's house for unnecessary travelling on the Sabbath; and a long and fiercely contested lawsuit was the result, and damages were finally given for false imprisonment.









Spring of 1642: Puritan settlers in New England observe the Sabbath on Sunday, Courtesy the Stamford Historical Society, Stamford, Conn.


Christians observing the Sabbath on Saturday also spread throughout America, but in fewer numbers than Sunday-keepers.


The teachings of the Seventh Day Baptists are said to be instrumental in the founding of the Seventh-day Adventist Church – which claims a membership today of 15 million – and the Church of God (Seventh Day) – which has more than 200 congregations in the U.S. and Canada and a worldwide fellowship of more than 300,000.


Other Christians promoting Saturday rest include many offshoots of the Worldwide Church of God, such as the United Church of God, Living Church of God, Church of God International, Philadelphia Church of God , Christian Biblical Church of God and Intercontinental Church of God.


Messianic Jews, including Dallas-based Zola Levitt Ministries, are also seventh-day proponents.


Some Sabbatarians, such as Richard Ames of the Living Church of God, produce TV shows like "Tomorrow's World," asking, "Which day is the Christian Sabbath?"


On one program, Ames points to Luke 4:16 in the Bible and says, "It was Jesus' regular custom to worship on the Sabbath, and since that time, and centuries before, the Jewish community has very carefully documented their observance of the seventh-day Sabbath, Saturday. In other words, history demonstrates that time has not been lost, that the seven-day cycle has been accurately recorded to this day."


In another episode, Ames' colleague, Roderick C. Meredith, calls Sunday observance "the most flagrant error of mainstream Christianity" and "the most obvious deception of all."


"Do you realize that this deception is blinding millions of people from knowing God?" asks Meredith.


Despite such rhetoric, many Catholic and Protestant Sunday-keepers reject Sabbath-keeping on Saturday.










Greg Laurie


Greg Laurie, a WND columnist and senior pastor of Harvest Christian Fellowship in Riverside, Calif., one of the eight largest Protestant churches in America, maintains it's wrong for Christians to observe Saturday, claiming Jesus and the apostles never taught anyone to keep the Sabbath. He says it's the only one of the Ten Commandments not specifically repeated in the New Testament.


"Of all the New Testament lists of sins, 'breaking the Sabbath' is never mentioned," Laurie said. "That is because it was given to the Jews, not the non-Jews."


Back in Florida, Sunday-keeper Roger Felipe thinks God is not overly concerned with the Sabbath issue.


"Paul is very clear that we Christians don't use [one particular day] as a determining factor if someone is right with God," Felipe said.


At the same time, though, the minister supports the idea of resting one day each week to stay on track with God.


"Humanity has forsaken the importance of Sabbath rest," he said. "God desires us to be renewed spiritually. We should observe a day ... to be consecrated and to be devoted to God, to be renewed and refreshed. In terms of affecting the human quality of life, it would do us very well to observe a Sabbath rest."


 


Related story:


Anti-Judaism at root of 'Sunday Sabbath'?








If you'd like to sound off on this issue, please take part in the WND poll.






Are you a representative of the media who would like to interview the author of this story? Let us know.



















Special offers:

Whether it's the Sabbath or what the Bible says is the true, glorious destiny for mankind, find out what some don't want you to know in the No. 1 best-seller, "Shocked by the Bible: The Most Astonishing Facts You've Never Been Told" -- autographed only at WND!


"From Sabbath to Sunday: A Historical Investigation of the Rise of Sunday Observance in Early Christianity"


Bible comes alive: Entire New Testament on video!


Does science back up Jesus' resurrection?


History of the World: Not the phony stuff you've been taught


Chart the world's history all the way back to Adam and Eve


Save Temple Mount from destruction


Significant moments in Christian history


What happened in the First Six Days?


DVD: The Forbidden Book: The History of the English Bible


Geneva Bible of 1599


King James Giant Print Reference Bible




Previous stories:


Sunday, holy Sunday? Pastor resurrects Sabbath debate with $1 million reward


Basketball champs refuse to play on Sabbath


Sabbath-breaking 'caused tsunami'


Israel's airline to fly on the Sabbath?


Religious players win Sabbath case


Christmas in America becomes battleground


Flood of claims for 'Noah's Ark'


Pharaoh's chariots found in Red Sea?


 


 
















Joe Kovacs is an award-winning journalist, executive news editor for WorldNetDaily.com and author of the No. 1 best-selling book "Shocked by the Bible: The Most Astonishing Facts You've Never Been Told."
Read more at www.wnd.com