Becket Adams
The National Security Agency and FBI
are interested in more than just your phone records — they are also
interested in your audio, video, photographs, emails, documents, and
connection logs, according to a bombshell report from
The Washington Post.
Although the massive Internet
surveillance program, code-named “PRISM,” reportedly began in 2007, we
are only now learning about it because an anonymous intelligence officer
apparently leaked the information to the press.
“Firsthand experience with these
systems, and horror at their capabilities, is what drove a career
intelligence officer to provide PowerPoint slides about PRISM and
supporting materials,” the report notes, “in order to expose what he
believes to be a gross intrusion on privacy.”
“They quite literally can watch your ideas form as you type,” the officer said.
PRISM collects data from nine tech companies. Here’s a slide from the leaked PowerPoint presentation. (WaPo)
But how, exactly, are the feds tapping
directly into the central servers and getting their hands on online
users’ information? With the assistance of major technology companies,
of course:
The technology companies,
which participate knowingly in PRISM operations, include most of the
dominant global players of Silicon Valley. They are listed on a roster
that bears their logos in order of entry into the program: “Microsoft, Yahoo, Google, Facebook, PalTalk, AOL, Skype, YouTube, Apple.”
For some of these companies, they had no choice but to comply with the feds.
“Formally, in exchange for immunity
from lawsuits, companies like Yahoo and AOL are obliged accept a
‘directive’ from the attorney general and the director of national
intelligence to open their servers to the FBI’s Data Intercept
Technology Unit, which handles liaison to U.S. companies from the NSA,”
the Post reports.
“In 2008, Congress gave the Justice
Department authority … for a secret order from the Foreign Surveillance
Intelligence Court to compel a reluctant company ‘to comply,’” it adds.
In short, the feds have strong-armed a few reluctant tech companies into playing along with the program.
“In practice, there is room for a
company to maneuver, delay or resist. When a clandestine intelligence
program meets a highly regulated industry,” the report continues,
“neither side wants to risk a public fight.”
“The engineering problems are so
immense, in systems of such complexity and frequent change, that the FBI
and NSA would be hard pressed to build in back doors without active
help from each company.”
Microsoft became PRISM’s first
corporate partner in 2007, according to the leaked 41-slide PowerPoint
presentation, followed shortly by Yahoo, Google, and Facebook. Apple
didn’t join until after the death of Steve Jobs, five years after the
start of PRISM.
Unsurprisingly, spokesmen for the major tech companies deny any knowledge of PRISM.
Here’s what Google said:
Google cares deeply about
the security of our users’ data. We disclose user data to government in
accordance with the law, and we review all such requests carefully. From
time to time, people allege that we have created a government “back
door” into our systems, but Google does not have a back door for the
government to access private user data.
Meanwhile, a spokesman for Apple told
The Guardian that he had “never heard” of PRISM.
An official statement released by
Facebook claims the social networking sight has never given the feds
“direct” access to its servers (the word “direct” may be key here).
This slide shows the timeline of tech giants signing on with the PRISM surveillance program. (WaPo)
The program is so secretive that the members of Congress who do know about it are apparently unable comment on it due to their oaths of office.
Here’s how The Washington Post reports the story:
An internal presentation
on the Silicon Valley operation, intended for senior analysts in the
NSA’s Signals Intelligence Directorate, described the new tool as the
most prolific contributor to the President’s Daily Brief, which cited
PRISM data in 1,477 articles last year. According to the briefing
slides, obtained by The Washington Post, “NSA reporting increasingly
relies on PRISM” as its leading source of raw material, accounting for
nearly 1 in 7 intelligence reports.
That is a remarkable figure in an
agency that measures annual intake in the trillions of communications.
It is all the more striking because the NSA, whose lawful mission is
foreign intelligence, is reaching deep inside the machinery of American
companies that host hundreds of millions of American-held accounts on
American soil.
Under President Obama, the program has
allegedly enjoyed “exponential growth” since its founding in 2007 when
then-Senator Obama routinely criticized President George W. Bush’s
surveillance programs.
“The PRISM program is not a dragnet,
exactly. From inside a company’s data stream the NSA is capable of
pulling out anything it likes, but under current rules the agency does
not try to collect it all,” the report notes.
“Analysts who use the system from a
Web portal at Fort Meade key in ‘selectors,’ or search terms, that are
designed to produce at least 51 percent confidence in a target’s
‘foreignness.’”
“That is not a very stringent test.
Training materials obtained by the Post instruct new analysts to submit
accidentally collected U.S. content for a quarterly report, ‘but it’s
nothing to worry about,’” it adds.
WaPo.
But here are some really frightening details:
Even when the system works
just as advertised, with no American singled out for targeting, the NSA
routinely collects a great deal of American content. That is described
as “incidental,” and it is inherent in contact chaining, one of the
basic tools of the trade.
To collect on a suspected spy or foreign
terrorist means, at minimum, that everyone in the suspect’s inbox or
outbox is swept in. Intelligence analysts are typically taught to chain
through contacts two “hops” out from their target, which increases
“incidental collection” exponentially.
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