ARTICLES - HOT OFF THE FAGGOT

CIA Contractor Indicted for Murder

CIA Contractor Indicted for Murder in Pakistan

Amplify’d from gawker.com






Jeff Neumann






CIA Contractor Indicted for Murder in PakistanRay Davis, the CIA and Blackwater contractor who shot dead two Pakistani men in what he claims was an attempted robbery, was indicted for murder today. A "blood money" deal is said to be in the works for his release.

Update: Blood money has been paid to the victims and Davis has been freed.

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NRC: No Water In Spent Fuel Pool

With No Water, Nothing To Stop Fuel Rods From Getting Hotter, Melting Down

Amplify’d from www.ksbw.com

NRC: No Water In Spent Fuel Pool Of Japan Plant

With No Water, Nothing To Stop Fuel Rods From Getting Hotter, Melting Down

WASHINGTON -- The chief of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission said all the water is gone from one of the spent fuel pools at Japan's most troubled nuclear plant, raising the possibility of widespread nuclear fallout. But Japanese officials denied the pool was dry.

"There is no water in the spent fuel pool and we believe that radiation levels are extremely high, which could possibly impact the ability to take corrective measures," NRC Chairman Gregory Jaczko said Wednesday at a U.S. House Energy and Commerce subcommittee hearing.

If Jaczko was correct, this would mean there was nothing to stop the fuel rods from heating and ultimately melting down. The outer shell of the rods could also ignite with enough force to propel the radioactive fuel inside over a wide area.

That country's nuclear safety agency and Tokyo Electric Power Co., which operates the six-unit Fukushima Dai-ichi complex, denied Jaczko's statements that the water is gone from the pool.

Utility spokesman Hajime Motojuku said the "condition is stable" at Unit 4, which was shut when the earthquake and tsunami hit last week.

After the hearing, Jaczko left some wiggle room. If he is wrong, it would represent a very embarrassing moment for the U.S. government.

"My understanding is there is no water in the spent fuel pool," he said. "I hope my information is wrong. It's a terrible tragedy for Japan."

Jaczko said the information came from NRC staff and experts in Tokyo who are working with the utility in Japan. He said NRC staffers continue to believe the spent fuel pool is dry. "They believe the information they have is reliable," he said.

U.S officials recommended the evacuation of any American within 50 miles (80 kilometers) of the Fukushima site. Japanese officials have recommended that people within 20 miles (30 kilometers) stay indoors, and evacuate within 12 miles (20 kilometers.)

In another troubling development, the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna said temperatures in units 4, 5 and 6 have been rising. The temperature in Unit 4 on Monday and Tuesday was given as 183 degrees Fahrenheit (84 Celsius). For Wednesday, the IAEA report for Unit 4 stated, "no data."

Also alarming was the information at units 5 and 6, which were in cold shutdown when the earthquake hit and had not been known to be of any concern. Also, the fuel rods in use when those two reactors were shut for maintenance remain inside their reactor vessels.

In Unit 5, the pool temperature was 139 degrees Fahrenheit (59.7 Celsius) on Monday, 141 degrees Fahrenheit (60.4 Celsius) on Tuesday and 145 degrees Fahrenheit (62.7 Celsius) on Wednesday.

Temperatures at Unit 6 also rose Tuesday and Wednesday. The latest temperature was 140 degrees Fahrenheit (60 Celsius).

Even before the latest developments, the issue of spent fuel was a very worrisome one, with one Tokyo Electric spokesman saying spent fuel pools represented the greatest concern because they lack the protective shells that reactors have.

"We haven't been able to get any of the latest data at any spent fuel pools. We don't have the latest water levels, temperatures, none of the latest information for any of the four reactors," Masahisa Otsuki said.

The pool's water can evaporate when power problems rob it of circulating water. As the water level drops, the remaining water is heated by the radioactivity of the spent fuel. It can get so hot that the rods' casing catches fire.

This would spew long-lived radioactive material into the air and onto surrounding areas. A fire at this reactor was previously reported, but it's not clear if it involved the spent fuel pool or another area of the unit.

The radioactive spent fuel rods at the center of the Unit 4 crisis are every bit as dangerous as the fuel rods inside the reactor vessels of three other damaged plants - and possibly more so.

Unlike fuel rods in reactor cores protected by 6-inch-thick steel walls, the spent fuel pools are considerably more vulnerable - located on the top floor of each reactor's containment building, without any extraordinary protection. Plus, the containment building of Unit 4 has a big hole in a wall.

But a key question is just how much of the radioactive material decayed inside the rods before they were transferred to the storage pool.

"For the time being, the greatest concern is the spent fuel pools because there is a clear pathway for release of radioactivity from the pools into the environment," said Ed Lyman, a physicist at the Union of Concerned Scientists, an activist group.

Fuel rods consist of a zirconium outer casing and highly radioactive uranium pellets inside. Experts say the casings of the spent fuel rods in Unit 4's pool have likely already overheated and cracked, allowing radioactive gases to vent into the air. That radiation is hindering the efforts to control the developing catastrophe at the reactor complex.

Officials have acknowledged that the cores of units 1, 2, and 3 have begun to melt down, but no one has said the walls of the reactor vessels have been breached. Radiation has been leaking from the reactor structures, though.

Even at those units, the spent fuel pools could spell an even more severe problem. Explosions at units 1 and 3, which were operating at the time of the earthquake and tsunami, have left those spent fuel pools exposed to the open air.

The pools and those at units 5 and 6 - which also were shut at the time the quake hit - are also likely to be heating up.

The problems at Unit 4, which has been shut for months, began earlier this week with a fire sparked by its spent fuel rods. Its spent fuel is hotter and more radioactive than the fuel in the other reactors' pools because it had been removed from operations so recently.

The spent fuel in the pools contains more total radioactive material than the rods in the reactor, including a radioactive form of cesium that can contaminate a region for decades. This type of cesium, known as cesium-137, emits what is known as a hard gamma ray which is strong enough to penetrate human skin.

"You don't have to breathe it in to be affected," Lyman said. The release of cesium could render the area around a plant uninhabitable. The size of the area would depend on the amount of material released and the direction and strength of the wind at the time of release.

Cesium was the largest source of radiation around the Chernobyl reactor in the Ukraine, which suffered a catastrophic meltdown in 1986.

David Lochbaum, nuclear safety chief at the Union of Concerned Scientists, said a fire would spew "a whole gamut of nasty materials." In addition to cesium, he cited krypton, strontium and ruthenium.
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Bill Maher Bashes Koran

Amplify’d from www.westernjournalism.com

[Liberal] Bill Maher Bashes Koran on TV Show: Where’s the Media Outrage?

Last week, U.S. Representative Keith Ellison, a devout Muslim, blew a gasket on HBO’s “Real Time” when host Bill Maher stated that the Koran demanded that Muslims despise non-believers.  Maher backed up his statement by quoting from Sam Harris’s book “The End of Faith” which itself endlessly quotes the Koran’s passages which demand intolerance, death and damnation for all non-believers.

Ellison’s response was to sputter that Muslim fanatics are not inspired by the Koran to commit acts of violence but instead by “political teachings”.

Well, on hearing Ellison’s argument, Sam Harris begs to strongly differ with the Muslim Representative that the Koran doesn’t preach intolerance.  Below is the link from Harris’s blog wherein he confronts head on the Koran’s “religious hatred (which) has become a problem for the entire world“.

http://www.samharris.org/site/full_text/honesty-the-muslim-worlds-scarcest-resource/

In the aftermath of the House hearing on American Muslims, Representative Keith Ellison appeared on HBO’s Real Time to further testify to the benign nature of Islam. Attempting to bring some glint of reality to the conversation, Bill Maher posed the following question:

Have you read Sam Harris’s book, The End of Faith?… [Harris] says, “On almost every page, the Qur’an instructs observant Muslims to despise non-believers.”

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CA: Section Of Hwy 1 Falls Into Ocean


Massive online pedophile ring busted

Amplify’d from www.msnbc.msn.com


Massive online pedophile ring busted by cops


Five Americans among 184 people arrested; 230 abused children taken to safety

Image: Grant Edwards, Peter Davis and Rob Wainwright outline details of arrests during
Grant Edwards, of the Australian Federal Police (right), Peter Davis (center) of the U.K.'s Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre, Europol director Rob Wainwright outline details of arrests during "Operation Rescue" linked to a global child abuse network during a news conference in The Hague Wednesday.
msnbc.com staff and news service reports


An Internet pedophile ring with up to 70,000 members — thought to be the world's largest —has been uncovered by police, a security official said Wednesday.

The European police agency Europol said in a statement that "Operation Rescue" had identified 670 suspects and that 230 abused children in 30 countries had been taken to safety. More children are expected to be found, Europol said.

It said that so far 184 people had been arrested and investigations in some countries were continuing. Most of those detained are suspected of direct involvement in sexually abusing children.

They include teachers, police officers and scout leaders, AP reported. One Spaniard who worked at summer youth camps is suspected of abusing some 100 children over five years.

Europol director Rob Wainwright said Wednesday the ring, which communicated using an Internet forum, was "probably the largest online pedophile network in the world."

Cori Bassett, a public affairs officer for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, said in an email that there had been five arrests and four convictions in connection with Operation Rescue in the U.S.

"Arrests so far have been made in Georgia and Connecticut. ICE continues to pursue the leads provided by Europol," she added.

The website was shut down following the three-year investigation, Europol said.

"The website operated from a server based in the Netherlands and, at its height, boasted up to 70,000 members worldwide," it added.

"It attempted to operate as a 'discussion–only' forum where people could share their sexual interest in young boys without committing any specific offences, thus operating 'below the radar' of police attention," Europol said.

"Having made contact on the site, some members would move to more private channels, such as email, to exchange and share illegal images and films of children being abused. Computers seized from those arrested have harvested huge quantities of child abuse images and videos," it added.

Police infiltrated site

The Europol statement said U.K. and Australian police infiltrated the site to identify the members who posed the greatest danger to children. Police also sometimes posed as children online as part of the investigation.

Law enforcement authorities from 13 countries, including the United States, Australia, Canada, Italy, Spain and the U.K., were involved in the case, Europol said.

The statement said Europol analysts had cracked the security features of a key computer server at the center of the network which uncovered the identities of suspected child sex offenders.

And, after his arrest, the forum's Dutch administrator helped police break encryption measures that shielded users' identities, allowing police to begin their covert investigations.

"Europol subsequently issued over 4,000 intelligence reports to police authorities in over 30 countries in Europe and elsewhere, which has led to the arrests of suspects and the safeguarding of children," Europol said.

Wainwright said he was proud of the "exceptional work of our experts in helping police authorities around the world to record these groundbreaking results."

"The safeguarding of so many vulnerable children is particularly rewarding and demonstrates the commitment of our agency to make Europe a safer place for its citizens," he added.

The investigation was led by Britain's Child Exploitation and Online Protection Center.

Peter Davies, of the center, said there would be more arrests as the investigations continue.

"Those who have been members of the site can expect a knock on the door in the very near future," he said.

In Britain, police said, the children involved were aged between 7 and 14.

Australian Federal Police commander Grant Edwards said suspects arrested in Australia ranged in age from 19 to 84 and used the Internet to "prey on children with anonymity, with subterfuge and with camouflage."

Children, Edwards said, "should be able to use the Internet safely, without fear of being approached or groomed by these online predators."



The Associated Press contributed to this report.


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H.A.A.R.P.

H.A.A.R.P. High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program

Amplify’d from www.facebook.com
H.A.A.R.P. High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program
(Information Links - Please Share)

HAARP - Holes In Heaven - 51:18
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-VMfzO94M0

Conspiracy Theory with Jesse Ventura: "HAARP" (FULL LENGTH)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62ZtPqfvpu8

Angels STILL don't Play this HAARP by Dr. Nick Begich
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-63wuK9ENc&feature=related

Angels Dont Play This HAARP weather manipulation
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2804238542173218531#

NASA Scientist : HAARP Causes Earthquakes
http://www.ufo-blogger.com/2010/03/nasa-haarp-causes-earthquakes.html

HAARP Caused Japan Earthquake
http://www.ufo-blogger.com/2011/03/japan-earthquake-tsunami-haarp.html

JAPAN EARTHQUAKE 2011 MASSIVE HAARP ACTIVITY H.A.A.R.P
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=EhEUcb9gMhY

Chavez: US weapon test caused Haiti earthquake
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Q9QtZkT8OBQ

JAPAN QUAKE by PROJECT HAARP? 8.9 9.0 CHINA QUAKE 7.8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BwIadY5FI8&feature=player_embedded

Chile Quake - Cecilia Lagos On The Ground In Santiago
"I was seeing the sky changing colours" "Apocalypse now thing"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i577aCmPUa0&feature=player_embedded

Cloud ?? HAARP ?? or UFO sighting caught on tape Chile 2/26/2010
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_iK1kG4TCo&feature=player_embedded

HOW TO MAKE AN EARTHQUAKE...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1jIjx0XF_U&feature=player_embedded#at=25

Owning the Weather in 2025 By Using Weather Modification
http://www.scribd.com/doc/36023062/Owning-the-Weather-in-2025-By-Using-Weather-Modification

Space Preservation Act of 2001 H. R. 2977
http://www.carnicom.com/hr2977.htm

HAARP CBC Broadcast Weather control part 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkLTzesBxGE&eurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Finbox%2F%3Fref%3Dmb&feature=player_embedded

HARRP
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t90vlR3ugAY

HAARP at work
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2jV6Dhza2G0

Possible HAARP Locations Around The World
http://rense.com/general92/haarp.htm

HAARP WEAPON
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mmj0rxITziA&feature=related

PROJECT BLUEBEAM and HARRP
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMkCLyNWAZ8

HARRP and Chemtrails
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MSqfiNpn3U&feature=fvsr

HAARP - Nature Modification Weapon
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPusHeDlBxQ

Alaska: Induction Magnetometer http://maestro.haarp.alaska.edu/cgi-bin/scmag/disp-scmag.cgi?20110211

HAARP in action?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1hCEhrjaFA&NR=1

Dr. Nick Begich: Electronic, Psychotronic Mind Control 1/4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JItAaKedjhw

Dr. Nick Begich: Electronic, Psychotronic Mind Control 2/4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWMlfa9hxek

Dr. Nick Begich: Electronic, Psychotronic Mind Control 3/4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vXYu9bO1x8

Dr. Nick Begich: Electronic, Psychotronic Mind Control 4/4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DAOrlX6_mag

Steve Quayle_On The Alex Jones Show:Chemtrails/HARRP pt1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAkqcjQOuhY

Steve Quayle_On The Alex Jones Show:Chemtrails/HARRP pt2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqDl-Lx259Y

Steve Quayle_On The Alex Jones Show:Chemtrails/HARRP pt3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dcsU3XW4L44

Steve Quayle_On The Alex Jones Show:Chemtrails/HARRP pt4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1xHAjeyuB-4
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The Wayseer Manifesto

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The Wayseer Manifesto


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Churches Kill Churches

Facebook Doesn't Kill Churches, Churches Kill Churches

Facebook Doesn't Kill Churches, Churches Kill Churches
You like me, you really like me!

Can social media redeem the church?


The short answer is of course, “no.” Maybe the long one is, too.


Indeed, experimental psychologist Richard Beck recently set the religion blogosphere—forgive me—atwitter with a post entitled, “How Facebook Killed the Church.” Beck, a professor at Abilene Christian University, argues that, rather than replacing face-to-face relationships with so many digital doppelgangers, “Facebook tends to reflect our social world,” extending and enriching established friendships rather than, by and large, inviting the development of new ones that take us away from longstanding networks of friends, family, and coworkers.


Beck draws on unpublished research on college retention that showed that freshmen with active Facebook engagement were more likely to return for their sophomore year precisely because their Facebook activity was closely correlated to meaningful face-to-face relationality. This echoes other findings about the more narrow scope of active Facebook affiliations, despite the number of “friends” a person’s profile page might boast.

With regard to churches, Beck reads the data as suggesting that Facebook and other social media are replacing what he believes is the “main draw of the traditional church: social connection and affiliation.”


It’s an engaging argument. Beck is certainly right that church is no longer a central gathering place for the majority of believers and seekers. And, it seems, too, that Facebook has taken up much of the chat about “football,… good schools,… local politics,” and other matters that Beck sees as the “main draw” of routine ecclesial practice in days gone by. Yet the sneak peek Beck offers of his own research appears to undermine the argument.


Not Enough Social to Go Around


The relationships among the undergraduates in Beck’s research were not formed on Facebook, they were enriched by students’ continued digital contact. The problem with regard to churches and other religious communities (and we see this over and over again with Facebook group pages whose only visitors are the minister and the technophile parishioner who championed the church’s foray into the digital domain) seems to be that there’s not enough social to go around.


That is, if church were, indeed, a robustly social experience, Facebook would enrich and extend that experience, enhancing week-to-week retention through ongoing conversation with valued friends—just as it appears to do with undergraduates moving from the first to the second year of college. Thin connections in face-to-face settings are not magically transformed by technology.


Other data suggests deeper reasons for believers and seekers’ abandonment of the institutional church, much of it linked to an understanding of the “social” that has more to do with involvement in practices of compassion, justice, and stewardship than it does with mere interpersonal entertainment. An extensive body of data on growing participation in volunteer activities, especially among young people, and the connection of this activity to religious organizations and spiritual values that are not nurtured in other settings suggests that people are not leaving the church merely because they can more easily connect socially with friends on Facebook. Social media participation does correlate positively to charitable and civic group participation. But here again, where people already have meaningful interpersonal affiliations, social media supports those relationships.


Beyond a growing distaste for the rancor around hot-button issues like human sexuality, gender equity, and reproductive choice, people seem to be put off church because they are able to do the kind of work—tending the sick, advocating for the oppressed, caring for the earth, comforting those in trouble or need—that was long the stock in trade of local churches, mosques, synagogues, and temples; but which, through the modern corporatizing of mainstream religions, was largely outsourced to separate agencies.


This is why you’ll probably find more people volunteering in any given week at Martha’s Kitchen food pantry in downtown San Jose, California than at Sunday services at the church across the street. If Facebook is killing the church, that is, it’s probably more accurate to call it an assisted suicide.


Clicking the Church Catholic


Rather than “killing the church,” available data suggest that social media can be a part of revitalizing religious practice. Hence the loopy zeal with which Pope Benedict XVI and sundry Vatican agencies are taking to the digital mission fields. Earlier this year, the Pope offered a second helping of encouragement to the faithful on participation in social media spaces. This time around, Benedict moved beyond his ham-fisted 2010 call to clergy with a yet unseen “competence in current digital technology” to “invite Christians… to join the network of relationships which the digital era has made possible.”


Okay, that’s kind of like welcoming everyone to a party that started hours ago, but you’ve got to at least applaud the Vatican’s effort to be digitally magisterial. Along the same lines, Rome recently announced a new Facebook page that promotes the beatification of Pope John Paul II. Monsignor Paul Tighe tells USA Today that the page is a move in the direction of greater interactivity: “What we found is that Facebook doesn’t just share information, it creates community. People begin talking to each other and sharing ideas.” He’s right! Just probably not on the John Paul II Facebook page.


The page, which offers videos highlights from the life of John Paul II, has garnered an impressive amount of global traffic. Alas, the fact that more than 13,000 around the world “liked” the page in the first days it was up does not mean that it is enriching or extending relationships. It’s cool to see people offering shout-outs to the late pope in just about every language you can think of, and that certainly shows the global diversity of the Roman Catholic Church. But it doesn’t exactly enact the church catholic. Indeed, the page tends to illustrate the spoke-to-hub separateness of believers rather than any essential unity. They come to the page, after all, to venerate John Paul, not to act together on his teachings or any other shared beliefs. Nothing there encourages interactivity in the digital environment nor invites face-to-face engagement at a church or anywhere else. Thus, the John Paul II Facebook page might well be experienced by believers as standing in for local church participation. Again, this has nothing to do with technology. Nor does it reflect a displacement of the social from the local church to its digital presence. Rather, it expresses a flawed understanding of contemporary relationality and spirituality that extends from local to digital locales.


Bible in one Hand, Entertainment Weekly in the Other


Where does it work better? In these early days of the Digital Reformation, especially rich examples are thin on the ground. But one is the social media-infused ministry of Nadia Bolz-Weber, founding pastor of the Church of All Sinners and Saints, a Lutheran mission church in Denver. Bolz-Weber doesn’t quite have the megawatt celebrity of John Paul II, but she is well-known in the mainline Protestant emerging church movement. Her Facebook wall is routinely abuzz with conversation with and among members of the All Sinners and Saints community as well as digital “friends” from the wider Facebook domain.


Bolz-Weber’s general philosophy and practice of ministry is pretty much summed up in a tweet that appeared on her Facebook wall:



“you have to preach with the Bible in one hand and Entertainment Weekly in the other” —@rosaleeharden



The short post reveals more than Episcopal priest and social entrepreneur Rosa Lee Harden’s riff on a quote attributed to Karl Barth—“We must hold the Bible in one hand and the newspaper in the other.” It also shares a distributed, de-centered practice of ministry that values the contributions of others. It expresses a practice of social and spiritual interactivity that is woefully absent from most of the Facebook pages, Twitter feeds, and other online locales established by religious institutions, including the way-more-numerically-popular John Paul II Facebook page. And, it notices that believers draw on their faith to negotiate a wide, and often weird, range of contemporary spiritual and ethical issues.


Bolz-Weber’s social media ministry reveals the secret that most churches have not yet faced: institutions don’t know how to be social. People do, which is why the bump in retention Beck and his colleagues tracked among undergraduates related to their own Facebook pages and those of their friends rather than to their university’s page—abundant “Go Wildcats!” cheers notwithstanding. Unlike John Paul II, Bolz-Weber is not an institution. She’s a person. She has conversations with other people. They sling funny little theological witticisms hither and yon. And, as a quick glance at her website or Facebook page illustrates, she offers a ministry that facilitates the kinds of social engagement that are a significant part of contemporary spiritual practice, especially among younger adults. The people she encounters in local settings seem more than happy to continue the conversation on her Facebook page, often inviting their friends (which is how I came to be there myself).


Twitter or Jazzercise?


On April 22, Good Friday, the Vatican will at least come to the digital window when Pope Benedict will respond to three questions about Jesus (the subject of the pontiff’s new book) submitted online by the faithful. The conversation won’t be live or interactive. The pope’s responses will be broadcast on Italian state television, wending their way from there to YouTube and, we may presume, individual and institutional Facebook pages.


It’s a start. But until churches and other religious groups, their leaders, and members feel comfortable interacting with one another around real questions of meaning and value—questions having little to do with doctrine and much to do with practices of compassion and justice—their social media participation will do no more to revitalize declining religious institutions than holding weekly Jazzercise classes in the parish hall.


Mobile computing and associated social media have not replaced the main draw of the traditional church: spiritual connection in social context. But they have made it more difficult to mask the modern, broadcast-era practice of social and spiritual disconnectedness that plays out as much in generic coffee hour chitchat about football scores and the latest lame Seth Rogan chucklefest as it does in Facebook pages that enable participants (really, the old Facebook “fan” terminology is more accurate) to see a church’s message and comment on it, but which don’t invite genuine, person-to-person or people-to-world interactivity.


No, Facebook hasn’t killed the church. Churches are doing just fine on that front on their own. 


  • Elizabeth Drescher

    Elizabeth Drescher, PhD, is a religion writer and scholar of Christian spiritualities who teaches at Santa Clara University. Her book Tweet If You ♥ Jesus: Practicing Church in the Digital Reformation will be released in Spring 2011. Her Web site is elizabethdrescher.net.


Read more at www.religiondispatches.org
 

Catholic role in Italy’s identity

Pope highlights Catholic role in Italy’s national identity

Amplify’d from www.washingtonpost.com

Pope highlights Catholic role in Italy’s national identity

By Associated Press

ROME — Pope Benedict XVI on Wednesday marked Italy’s 150th birthday by praising the role Christianity played in forging its national identity — even though Italy’s unification spelled the end of the papal states.

Benedict issued a conciliatory message to all Italians, making clear that while there were conflicts in the past between the Catholic Church and Italian state, the two now shared a “precious collaboration” for which the Holy See was grateful.

And he highlighted the role Catholic thinkers, artists and writers played in forging the new country, even though Catholics until 1905 were forbidden by the pope, under pain of excommunication, to hold public office or vote in national elections.

“Christianity has contributed in a fundamental way to building an Italian identity through the work of the church,” Benedict wrote, citing in particular such church-commissioned artists as Michelangelo, Caravaggio and Bernini.

The pope’s No. 2, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, hand delivered the message to President Giorgio Napolitano at the presidential Quirinale palace, a papal residence that was lost to the new Italian kingdom, along with papal states, following Italy’s 1861 unification.

Italy marks the 150th anniversary Thursday with a series of formal events: Napolitano and Premier Silvio Berlusconi visit a monument to Italy’s unity and then one honoring Giuseppe Garibaldi, a hero of the Risorgimento, the period leading up to unification that was marked by political and cultural nationalism. Starting Wednesday night, Italians were being treated to a series of free concerts and cultural events.

Thursday itself marks the day in 1861 when Victor Emmanuel II became the first king of a united Italy; previously the peninsula had been divided into kingdoms, city-states and the papal states which covered much of the peninsula’s center and represented the pope’s temporal rule.

Nine years after unification, troops loyal to the king captured Rome, setting the stage for decades of church-state tensions with a succession of popes declaring themselves “prisoners in the Vatican” because they refused to accept the king’s authority over the city.

Benedict referred to the tensions, known as the Roman Question, in his message Wednesday, insisting it created conflicts between institutions but not among Italians, even though they were torn between allegiance to the pope and their newborn state.

“The Italian national identity, so strongly rooted in Catholic traditions, was in truth the most solid base for the conquest of political unity,” Benedict wrote. He argued that even though Italian Catholics were barred from much of political life, they contributed in other aspects including education, health care and economic growth.

“No conflicts occurred within society, where there was a profound friendship between civil and church communities,” he said.

Citing previous popes, he said unification actually helped the church obtain heights of spiritual governance that it never had before.

It wasn’t until 1929 that the Roman Question was settled with the Lateran Treaty, in which Italy recognized Vatican City as an independent and sovereign state, among other things.

The 150th birthday has been met with relative indifference among ordinary Italians.

The autonomy-minded Northern League party, a key ally in Berlusconi’s government, has been lukewarm at best and the head of the predominantly German-speaking South Tyrol region isn’t participating, noting that the Alpine area was stripped from Austria at the end of World War I.

Marco Pizzo, director of the Risorgimento Museum in Rome, nevertheless said unification was something all Italians participated in and should celebrate.

“The Risorgimento is often read as if it were a popular or bourgeois revolution that concerned only the Italian aristocracy,” he said Tuesday. “My reading of it is that it was a popular revolution, popular because it was about the hopes of the people toward a new social and institutional reality.”

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Rome beyond the Vatican

The Vatican beyond its worst days, and Rome beyond the Vatican







PDF versionPDF version



Popular culture is full of misconceptions about Rome, but here are two of the most persistent: That the Vatican is exclusively defined by its worst days, and that Catholic life in Rome is exclusively defined by the Vatican.



As for the Vatican, the working assumption is that unless CNN or the Google news ticker has an item, nothing’s really happening. In truth, most mainstream news outlets are interested in the Vatican only if there’s a meltdown -- if a Holocaust-denying bishop has been rehabilitated, for instance, or if a new document suggesting the pope dropped the ball on the sex abuse crisis has come to light.



Such developments do merit attention, but they hardly tell the whole story. If you want to understand what the institution is all about, you have to cast a wider net.



In similar fashion, in terms of understanding Catholic life -- tracking new intellectual and spiritual trends, understanding how Catholics are bringing their faith to life (or not) in the world, identifying where the key flash points are in Catholicism today -- the Vatican isn’t the only game in town. At least six other circles of life in Rome have insight to offer:



  • Pontifical universities, such as the Jesuit-run Gregorian University, the Dominican-run Angelicum, and the Opus Dei-run Santa Croce


  • Religious orders and their networks


  • The lay movements in and around Rome, such as the Focolare and Sant’Egidio


  • The diplomatic community around the Holy See


  • The Italian Catholic scene


  • Rome as the crossroads of the Catholic world. (You can probably learn more about Catholicism in the United States by connecting with a sampling of the American Catholics who wash through Rome for one reason or another, for instance, than you can in almost any single location in the U.S.)




A review of events in Rome during the past few days adds up to a worthwhile exercise in hammering these points home.



* * *

The Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace under its prefect, Cardinal Peter Turkson of Ghana, continues to keep discussion alive around Pope Benedict XVI’s 2009 social encyclical, Caritas in Veritate. Feb. 24-26, the council hosted a symposium bringing together intellectuals and business people to talk about how the lofty principles of the encyclical might be translated into hard-nosed business practice.



The underlying idea is that if Catholic social teaching is to make a difference, it’s got to reach the people who actually shape the global economy.



One creative idea to emerge from the symposium is for the council to craft a primer on Catholic social thought for business professionals -- a sort of Catholic version of the “Sullivan Principles”, which asked corporations to apply economic pressure on South Africa to revise, and eventually end, apartheid. The aim is to generate a crisp, clear set of basic principles for bringing ethics into economic life, with demonstrable impact in the real world.



My story on the project can be found here.



By all accounts, the 62-year-old Turkson continues to set a brisk pace in Justice and Peace after more than a year on the job. He’s got a beguiling mix of qualities -- charming and warm, disarming most stereotypes people have of Vatican potentates; unassailably orthodox, yet not captive to the ideological categories of much Western debate; astute and articulate; and refreshingly unbowed by PC taboos.



Though it’s early days yet, it will be fascinating to track the development of Turkson’s Vatican career.



* * *

It’s easy to complain about the Vatican’s occasional struggles with communications, but the hard part is doing something about it. One problem with the way the question is usually phrased is that it can imply the Vatican needs to invent something new, when in fact there are plenty of good examples of effective communicators on the Catholic landscape, if a way could be found to ramp up their impact.



Rather than creating new systems and structures, perhaps the thing to do is to take a “best practices” approach, surveying what works in other arenas and building on those models.



The Pontifical Council for Social Communications took something like that tack this week in its plenary assembly. It brought in members of the communications team from the United Kingdom who worked on Pope Benedict’s trip last September, which against all odds was a fairly smashing success, as well as officials from Canada’s “Salt and Light” network, which has carved out a profile as a genuinely Catholic media operation without an ideological edge.



One hopes that the lessons of both the UK trip and “Salt and Light” will be taken to heart -- perhaps especially the point that energy and creativity, when coupled with a positive spirit, can cover a multitude of sins.



One creative announcement to come from the plenary: the Council for Social Communications will support the creation of a new Catholic news agency in Africa, sort of an African parallel to the Union of Catholic Asian News (UCAN). Though the council doesn’t have any money itself to devote to the project, it will help organizers in Africa solicit funds in Europe and the United States once a business plan is in place. (A delegation of African bishops plans to visit the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops in May, and this will be one of the items on their agenda.) The idea is to foster reporting on both the church and the broader African society that’s balanced, covering the continent’s various conflicts and crises, but also highlighting the positive news that mainstream outlets sometimes omit.



The plenary also held long discussions around a proposed new document, which sketches the pastoral, theological, scriptural, and anthropological dimensions of communication in the church. A first draft was presented at the last plenary in 2009, and was discussed at length. It was then decided that the draft need to be shortened and presented to the next plenary this year. In 2010, a team of writers was appointed to work on the document, which will most likely be designed as a resource for all involved in church communications.



There is, of course, a bit of time-honored bureaucratic logic in the Vatican, which is that every so often an office has to produce a document, because otherwise no one will know you exist.



During the plenary assembly, a Mass was celebrated in honor of American Cardinal John Foley, the former president of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications, who recently stepped down as Grand Master of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher and returned to Philadelphia after being diagnosed with leukemia. Though one never knows, Foley’s departure from Rome had the air of a goodbye.



Foley headed the Council for Social Communications from 1984 to 2007, and during that quarter-century it’s probably fair to say that he wasn’t able to resolve the structural problems that sometimes plague the Vatican’s communications enterprise. Yet by the dint of his personality, he offered a warm, refreshingly honest and direct, and utterly human face for the Holy See. Over and over, colleagues from the world’s media who reached out to Foley would come away saying: “If only they could all be like him!”



Foley’s way of engaging the world ought to be on that list of “best practices” I mentioned above.



* * *

On the subject of flashpoints, one controversy brewing in the Vatican these days centers on Caritas Internationalis, the Rome-based confederation of 165 Catholic charitable agencies around the world. Recently the Secretariat of State decided to deny the nihil obstat, or approval, to its secretary general, Zimbabwe-born lay woman Lesley-Anne Knight, to stand for a second term.



Knight sat down with me this week to talk about the situation, in her first interview since the news broke.



It’s tempting to get bogged down in the behind-the-scenes politics, or to treat it as yet another chapter in the story of maladroit Vatican PR moves. Whatever one thinks of the merits of the case, firing a strong and articulate female leader, perhaps the most prominent lay woman representing the Catholic church in the international arena, is a tough sell for an institution already perceived as a boys’ club.



In other words, even if the Vatican has legitimate concerns about the Catholic identity of Caritas, the PR question would be: Was there another way to make the point?



More deeply, however, there are two observations worth making about the Caritas controversy.



First, it’s been an open secret in Vatican circles for a long time that relations between Cor Unum, the Vatican office that oversees charitable activity, and Caritas have been strained. One can partly explain that friction in terms of personal dynamics, but fundamentally there are two different visions of what a Catholic charity ought to be at work, and the current crossroads is bringing that tension to a head.



One vision, associated with Cor Unum, the Secretariat of State, and the writings of Pope Benedict XVI -- in other words, the current Vatican power structure -- sees Catholic charitable activity as an alternative to secular NGOs and civil governments.



The accent is on what’s distinct about Catholic charity -- its underlying principles and its methods, its whole modus operandi, ought to be palpably Catholic, and its ultimate aim not merely to eliminate poverty or feed the hungry, but to bring people to Christ. That’s not to say Catholic charities ought to proselytize in the sense of dangling aid only if people convert, but their Catholicity ought to be so “thick” that people are naturally drawn into the life and faith of the church. There are plenty of outfits that offer bread, but only the church can bring salvation.



Another vision, associated with many of the members of the Caritas confederation and the church’s broader peace-and-justice network, sees Catholic charitable activity more as a partner with NGOs, governments, and other groups. The idea is that Catholic groups ought to enter humbly into alliances with all people of good will, on a basis of equality and tolerance, to pursue shared humanitarian objectives.



That doesn’t mean hiding one’s Catholic character, but it does imply emphasizing shared values rather than accenting points of division. It also means being careful about anything that smacks of explicit invitation to conversion, so that outsiders don’t suspect a hidden agenda. Feeding the hungry and serving the poor is already building the Kingdom of God.



To be clear, these two visions are not contradictory. Alternatives can work cooperatively with one another, and partners can have contrasting identities. Yet they are nevertheless different: The “alternative” model accents those things that make Catholic charities different, while the “partner” model emphasizes what Catholic charities have in common with other groups.



The shifting of the plates underneath the decision on Knight would seem to be realignment in favor of the “alternative” rather than “partner” model.



Second, one point Knight made in our interview supplies a new piece of a much bigger picture. Some Caritas members, she said, are worried about what the eventual fallout from the Vatican decision may be, and have decided to withhold payment of their membership fees until they know what’s going on.



The suggestion seemed to be that over time, some Caritas members who are more in tune with the “partnership” model could decide that they’re better off on their own, rather than being formally part of the Caritas network or even the institutional church. (To be clear, Knight doesn’t want that to happen; she’s keenly committed to preventing it.)



For those who have been following Catholic affairs, the prospect of some Catholic charities throwing in the towel on formal institutional sponsorship bears comparison to conversations taking place in other arenas.



Some women’s religious communities in the United States upset over the current Apostolic Visitation, for example, have pondered the prospect of “going non-canonical,” continuing under some other guise but not formally tied to the institutional church.



In the wake of a recent case in Phoenix in which the local bishop declared a hospital no longer Catholic, some church-affiliated hospitals and health systems find themselves asking if the challenges associated with their connection to the institutional is really worth it. Would it be easier, they ask, simply to declare themselves “in the Catholic tradition” but independent of the church?



It remains to be seen how real any of those prospects are, especially given that in each case, responsible people on both sides of the relationship seem committed to holding things together. Still, it’s tough to avoid the impression that we’re entering a period in which questions over Catholic identity are no longer theoretical. Increasingly, people and institutions within the church are being forced to choose.



Whether that amounts to a regrettable fracturing of Catholic unity, or a long-overdue calling of the question, may be open to debate. In any event, it seems to be the temper of the times.



* * *

One other Vatican office where something interesting is bubbling is the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts, responsible for interpreting and updating the church’s Code of Canon Law. In late January, the council began to circulate a draft of revisions to the penal section of code, which governs crime and punishment in the church -- including sexual abuse by clergy.



The aim is to have a final draft ready for Benedict XVI by the end of 2012.



I spoke this week with Spanish Archbishop Juan Ignacio Arrieta, the secretary of the council, to discuss the project. My piece on the revisions can be found here.



I make this point in the story, but given the sensitivities around the issue, it’s worth repeating here: Revising the church’s internal law is not intended to take the place of reporting acts which are also crimes under civil law to police and prosecutors. Instead, according to Arrieta, it’s designed to add rigor and uniformity to the church’s own internal response, and to entice bishops to use the penal law to deal with relatively minor infractions, rather than waiting for things to metastasize and require more drastic intervention.



In some ways, the interview offered another reminder of the complexities of trying to craft policy that works for the whole universal church, given both wildly different situations on the ground and clashing perspectives on which way the church ought to go.



Arrieta conceded that the sexual abuse crisis exposed a lack of coordination in terms of how the church responds to serious crimes, but he argued that wasn’t just indifference or corruption. The Second Vatican Council (1962-65) placed strong emphasis on collegiality and the role of the bishop, he noted -- a bishop isn’t just “the long hand of the pope,” but a successor of the apostles and a representative of Christ in his own regard.



When the Vatican got around to translating the theological vision of Vatican II into the Code of Canon Law in 1983, the new code left tremendous discretion in the hands of the bishop to decide when and how to impose penalties, and what those penalties should be.



Now things are moving in the direction of greater uniformity, and hence less liberty for bishops to make their own calls. Some will take that as a long-overdue response to the sexual abuse crisis, while others may see it as yet another example of creeping Roman centralization and “rolling back the clock” on Vatican II. Still others might wonder if it will contribute to an erosion of the “fraternal” dimension of a bishop’s relationships with his priests, turning him more into judge, jury and executioner.



Decisions have to be made, of course, but in the Catholic Church they’re never easy.



* * *

Cardinal Walter Kasper, a distinguished German theologian and the Vatican’s former top official for ecumenism, delivered a talk March 3 titled “Why I am a Man of Hope.” The event was sponsored by the Lay Center, a residential and educational center in Rome designed to form the next generation of lay leaders in the church, in conjunction with the center’s 25th anniversary.



Known for his deep erudition, his personal graciousness, and a balanced theological outlook, Kasper has long been a hero of the movement for Christian unity, both among Catholics and the church’s various dialogue partners. He served as president of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity from 2001 until his retirement in 2010.



Kasper credited his parents with instilling a basic sense of optimism in him as a young man, despite the difficult circumstances of their life during and after the Second World War. (He said that although the American forces were welcomed as liberators from Nazi tyranny, they nevertheless burned his village in Swabia to the ground.)



Yet Kasper stressed that hope is different from optimism. He’s a man of hope, he said, because he’s a Christian, and his faith teaches him that Christ has conquered evil and death. (Kasper wryly noted that faith is considered a theological virtue, which does not mean that all theologians are virtuous -- in the same way, he said, that cardinal virtues do not mean that all cardinals are men of virtue!)



In broad strokes, Kasper’s argument was that the ecumenical landscape today is not as bleak as it seems. He conceded that some Orthodox remain skeptical about Rome, and mainline Protestant churches have taken positions on ethical questions such as homosexuality which have created new fault lines, and some Pentecostals and Evangelicals are not really interested in dialogue.



Yet, Kasper insisted, we shouldn’t forget how far we’ve come. When he was growing up, he said, he thought entering a Protestant church was a sin he should confess. As a seminarian, he was forbidden to attend Protestant lectures. Now, such strictures seem to belong to the dusty past, which is one measure of the revolution that’s taken place in the short span of fifty years.



Beneath the apparent “big chill” of the moment, he argued, Christians of various denominations have built friendships which make ecumenism an “irreversible” process, however long it may take to arrive at the final goal of being able to gather around a common table.



“Ecumenism is not fundamentally a matter of documents,” Kasper said. “It’s a method of human and Christian relationships built on mutual trust and friendship.”



Finally, Kasper urged people disenchanted with the recent lack of ecumenical progress to have faith in the capacity of the Holy Spirit to upset people’s expectations.



“The Holy Spirit,” he said, “is always good for a surprise.”



Along the way, Kasper offered a couple of noteworthy revelations.



First, he confessed that when Pope John Paul II first asked him in 1999 to come to Rome as the secretary, or number two official, of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, he didn’t want to do it. Kasper said he wrote a long letter to the pope explaining that he didn’t speak Italian, didn’t have any roots in Rome, and didn’t know anybody there. According to Kasper, the pope’s answer was, “This can be overcome.”



Second, Kasper also revealed the biggest sacrifice he had to make for the ecumenical cause over the course of his career: Being forced to drink vodka while in Moscow for talks with the Russian Orthodox church. One Orthodox metropolitan, he said, even insisted that he drink vodka for breakfast -- though in that case, Kasper said, the vodka was actually fairly good, so he didn’t mind so much.



* * *

It is, I suppose, a measure of how little attention pay to church teaching that anyone could regard it as a news story that Pope Benedict XVI says the Jews are not responsible for the death of Christ.



For the record, here’s the relevant line from the declaration Nostra Aetate of the Second Vatican Council (1962-65): “True, the Jewish authorities and those who followed their lead pressed for the death of Christ; still, what happened in His passion cannot be charged against all the Jews, without distinction, then alive, nor against the Jews of today.”



That’s been on the books for forty-six years, but reporters and commentators have nevertheless rushed to hail Benedict’s statement as “historic.” From the Vatican’s point of view, perhaps, a dose of hype is a price worth paying for a bit of good PR about the pope.



Benedict’s exegesis of the death of Jesus comes in the second volume of his work Jesus of Nazareth, which will be officially released on March 10 with an event at the Vatican. Without violating any of the embargo restrictions, I think I can safely say this: Unlike the last papal book to roll out, Benedict’s interview with German journalist Peter Seewald, there’s nothing on condoms or other explosive topics likely to create a global media sensation.



As a footnote, it’s interesting that while Benedict XVI has repeated the church’s rejection of the deicide charge against the Jews, one prominent Jewish intellectual is, in a sense, actually embracing it. Joseph Weiler, a legal scholar who’s defended Italy’s right to display crucifixes in school classrooms before the European Court of Human Rights, has a new book on the trial of Jesus in which he insists that “the Jews” did indeed kill Christ, and they were doing exactly what God wanted them to do -- as were the Christians in taking the message of Christ’s death and resurrection to the gentile world.



My interview with Weiler can be found here.



* * *

Finally, on the subject of pontifical universities, there were two interesting events this week worth noting.



Santa Croce hosted a conference Feb. 28-March 1 on “Neuroscience and Moral Action,” which was an attempt to bring three disciplines into conversation: moral philosophy and ethics, psychology, and neuroscience.



One especially interesting presentation came from University of Wisconsin psychologist Robert Enright, who’s developed a school he calls “forgiveness therapy” -- using the power of forgiveness to help people conquer their emotional battles.



A Catholic, Enright believes the church has a uniquely developed understanding of forgiveness, which could become both its calling card and its gift to the wider world. My story on his presentation is here.



The Dominican-run Angelicum is hosting a series of events throughout March and April devoted to Mother Teresa, known as “Blessed Teresa of Calcutta” following her beatification in October 2003. The first session came this morning, with a presentation by Missionaries of Charity Fr. Brian Kolodiejchuk, the postulator for her sainthood cause.



Information on upcoming events in the series can be found here.



[John L. Allen Jr. is NCR senior correspondent. He can be reached at jallen@ncronline.org.]