The decision ended a lawsuit by Albert Snyder, who sued church members for the
In this Oct. 6, 2010 file photo, Albert Snyder of York takes part in a news conference in front of the Supreme Court in Washington. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster, File)
emotional pain they caused by showing up at his son Matthew's funeral. As they have at hundreds of other funerals, the Westboro members held signs with provocative messages, including "Thank God for dead soldiers," ''You're Going to Hell," ''God Hates the USA/Thank God for 9/11," and one that combined the U.S. Marine Corps motto, Semper Fi, with a slur against gay men.
Justice Samuel Alito, the lone dissenter, said Snyder wanted only to "bury his son in peace." Instead, Alito said, the protesters "brutally attacked" Matthew Snyder to attract public attention. "Our profound national commitment to free and open debate is not a license for the vicious verbal assault that occurred in this case," he said.
During an afternoon press conference outside the York County Administrative Center, Snyder tore into the justices who ruled for Westboro.
"I was very surprised," he said of Wednesday's decision. "My first thought was that eight justices didn't have the common sense that God gave a goat."
With the court's ruling, "anything goes," Snyder said. "Nothing's stopping Westboro from going to your daughter's wedding because they feel the Catholic church is bad."
Snyder bemoaned the fact that the legal funds he might have to pay Westboro could be used to help them picket at more military funerals. He estimated the tally at $100,000.
"It's been a long five years, and I'm ready to put this behind me and move on," he said. "I'll keep up any fight I have to for the veterans and for our military men and women."
Snyder also cautioned Americans to remember servicemen and women serving overseas, even though "it seems like all we want to focus on is the economy."
"There's still men and women over in Afghanistan dying," he said. "And this court has no problem with the government sending our children over to these wars, sending them back in a body bag, and not evening having enough respect for that dead soldier to be buried peacefully."
"It confirms what we
FILE - In this Oct. 6, 2010 file photo, Margie Phelps, second from right, a daughter of Fred Phelps, and the lawyer who argued the case for of the Westboro Baptist Church, of Tokepa Kan., walks from the Supreme Court, in Washington. The Supreme Court has ruled that the First Amendment protects fundamentalist church members who mount attention-getting, anti-gay protests outside military funerals. (AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster, File)
said all along, that our words are legal," said Margie Phelps, an attorney representing Westboro. "They made a gross strategic miscalculation thinking they can fight God and win."
Phelps also said Westboro believes God directed the Supreme Court to rule in their favor, and that the decision will shed even more light on their cause, noting their picketing efforts have "quadrupled" in the time since the case started. The ruling was "10 times better than we ever dreamed it would be."
She also had a message for Snyder's family.
"That young man died for your sins," she said. "These faithless parents and family members were trying to shut us up."
The ruling, though, was in line with many earlier court decisions that said the First Amendment exists to protect robust debate on public issues and free expression, no matter how distasteful. A year ago, the justices struck down a federal ban on videos that show graphic violence against animals. In 1988, the court unanimously overturned a verdict for the Rev. Jerry Falwell in his libel lawsuit against Hustler magazine founder Larry Flynt over a raunchy parody ad.
What might have made this case different was that the Snyders are not celebrities or public officials but private citizens. Both Roberts and Alito agreed that the Snyders were the innocent victims of the long-running campaign by the church's pastor, the Rev. Fred Phelps, and his family members who make up most of the Westboro Baptist Church. Roberts said there was no doubt the protesters added to Albert Snyder's "already incalculable grief."
But Roberts said the frequency of the protests - and the church's practice of demonstrating against Catholics, Jews and many other groups - is an indication that Phelps and his flock were not mounting a personal attack against Snyder but expressing deeply held views on public topics.
Indeed, Matthew Snyder was not gay. But "Westboro believes that God is killing American soldiers as punishment for the nation's sinful policies," Roberts said.
"Speech is powerful. It can stir people to action, move them to tears of both joy and sorrow, and - as it did here - inflict great pain. On the facts before us, we cannot react to that pain by punishing the speaker," Roberts said.
Margie Phelps, a daughter of the minister and a lawyer who argued the case at the Supreme Court, said she expected the outcome. "The only surprise is that Justice Alito did not feel compelled to follow his oath," Phelps said. "We read the law. We follow the law. The only way for a different ruling is to shred the First Amendment."
She also offered her church's view of the decision. "I think it's pretty self-explanatory, but here's the core point: the wrath of God is pouring onto this land. Rather than trying to shut us up, use your platforms to tell this nation to mourn for your sins."
Veterans groups reacted to the ruling with dismay. Veterans of Foreign Wars national commander Richard L. Eubank said, "The Westboro Baptist Church may think they have won, but the VFW will continue to support community efforts to ensure no one hears their voice, because the right to free speech does not trump a family's right to mourn in private."
The picketers obeyed police instructions and stood about 1,000 feet from the Catholic church in Westminster, Md., where the funeral took place in March of 2006.
The protesters drew counter-demonstrators, as well as media coverage and a heavy police presence to maintain order. The result was a spectacle that led to altering the route of the funeral procession.
Several weeks later, Albert Snyder was surfing the Internet for tributes to his son from other soldiers and strangers when he came upon a poem on the church's website that assailed Matthew's parents for the way they brought up their son.
Soon after, Snyder filed a lawsuit accusing the Phelpses of intentionally inflicting emotional distress. He won $11 million at trial, later reduced by a judge to $5 million.
The federal appeals court in Richmond, Va., threw out the verdict and said the Constitution shielded the church members from liability. The Supreme Court agreed.
Forty-eight states, 42 U.S. senators and veterans groups had sided with Snyder, asking the court to shield funerals from the Phelps family's "psychological terrorism."
While distancing themselves from the church's message, media organizations, including The Associated Press, urged the court to side with the Phelps family because of concerns that a victory for Snyder could erode speech rights.
Roberts described the court's holding as narrow, and in a separate opinion Justice Stephen Breyer suggested that in other circumstances governments would not be "powerless to provide private individuals with necessary protection."
But in this case, Breyer said, it would be wrong to "punish Westboro for seeking to communicate its views on matters of public concern."
Associated Press writer Maria Sudekum Fisher in Kansas City, Mo., contributed to this report.
